Monitoring Pyrolysis Boilers

Datalogging InfluxDB Siemens S7 Sparkplug B MQTT SPS

Pyrolysis boilers burn biomass highly efficiently – when they run optimally. However, without continuous monitoring, inefficiencies remain invisible: Too low combustion temperatures lead to energy losses, suboptimal oxygen supply results in incomplete combustion. This monitoring system captures over 300 data points per minute from Siemens S7 controllers and transmits them via MQTT and SparkplugB into a Unified Namespace. InfluxDB stores the time-series data, while Grafana dashboards provide real-time visualization and alerting. The result: Transparent operations management, optimized combustion, and centralized administration of multiple facilities across locations.

Technologies Used:
  • Siemens S7 PLC
  • MQTT & SparkplugB
  • InfluxDB & Grafana
  • Unified Namespace Architecture
  • NodeRED

Why Monitoring for Pyrolysis Boilers is Critical

Pyrolysis boilers burn biomass highly efficiently - when they run optimally. But without continuous monitoring, inefficiencies remain invisible:

  • Combustion temperature too low → energy loss
  • Oxygen supply not optimal → incomplete combustion
  • Ash buildup → missed timely maintenance

My monitoring system makes these parameters visible - in real time, centrally, scalably.

Architecture: MQTT and SparkplugB in the Unified Namespace

For the precise monitoring of pyrolysis boilers, I rely on the tried-and-tested MQTT and SparkplugB protocols. These enable reliable data acquisition and transmission in real time.

MQTT: Lightweight and Reliable

With MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) as a lightweight, reliable protocol, sensor data can be collected efficiently and sent to a central control unit.

SparkplugB: Industrial Interoperability

The use of SparkplugB, an MQTT-based protocol for industrial automation, ensures interoperability between the various components of the monitoring system.

Unified Namespace (UNS): Scalable and Central

A special feature of my system is the Unified Namespace (UNS), which makes it possible to manage a large number of systems in a standardised data space. By integrating all pyrolysis boilers into the UNS, operators can obtain a holistic view of their systems and make effective decisions to optimise operating processes.

Technologies Used

Hardware & Control:
  • Siemens S7 PLC (data acquisition at boiler)
  • Sensors: Temperature, Pressure, Oxygen, Flow
Industrial IoT Stack:
  • MQTT Broker (Mosquitto/HiveMQ)
  • SparkplugB Protocol Specification
  • Unified Namespace Architecture
Data Logging & Visualization:
  • InfluxDB (Time-Series Database)
  • Grafana (Dashboard & Alerting)
  • NodeRED (Data Processing & Workflows)
Integration:
  • Siemens S7 MQTT Connector
  • SparkplugB Client Libraries

Practical Example: Multiple Pyrolysis Boilers in the Unified Namespace

Initial Situation: Biomass pyrolysis boilers at different locations. No central overview, manual on-site readings required.

Solution:

  • Each boiler gets a SparkplugB-capable PLC (Siemens S7)
  • All publish to a central MQTT broker
  • Unified Namespace grouped by: uns/location/boiler/parameter
  • InfluxDB stores all metrics
  • One central Grafana dashboard for all systems

Captured Parameters (per boiler):

  • Combustion temperature (multiple zones)
  • Exhaust gas temperature
  • Oxygen content
  • Boiler water temperature
  • Flow/Return heating circuit
  • Buffer storage status
  • Fuel supply

Result:

  • Real-time monitoring from anywhere
  • Early warning on deviations (alerting)
  • Historical analysis (efficiency comparison)
  • Data-driven maintenance intervals

Advantages of This Monitoring Solution

Scalable: One UNS, any number of boilers - no separate integration per system

Open: MQTT + SparkplugB = manufacturer-independent, no vendor lock-ins

Real-time: Sub-second latency between sensor and dashboard

Maintainable: Standard protocols, open-source stack, no black box

Future-proof: Expandable to other assets (buffer storage, solar thermal, etc.)

Summary

The combination of MQTT, SparkplugB and the Unified Namespace not only provides efficient data collection and transmission, but also enables a scalable and flexible solution for monitoring pyrolysis boilers and other assets in different environments.

Planning a similar monitoring project?

I support you from concept to commissioning:

  • Requirements analysis & architecture design
  • PLC programming & MQTT integration
  • Dashboard development & training

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